• Fr Salib Suryal

    Fr Salib Suryal

    1916 – 1994

    Biography

    Fr Salib Suryal (1916–1994) was a pioneering member of the Sunday School movement in Giza, renowned for its emphasis on practical service of the poor and pastoral care. He was born Wahib Zaky in 1916 in Tala, Munufiyya.[fn]Fr Salib Suryal, Aḥdāth kanasiyya ‘ishtu-hā wa ‘āyishtu-hā (Cairo: Coptic Orthodox Cultural Center, 1989; repr. 2016): 18.[/fn] Along with Saad Aziz (Bishop Samuel) and Yassa Hanna, he was one of the first graduates of a special three-year degree created by Archdeacon Habib Girgis for university-educated Copts.[fn]Elhamy Khalil, “Fr Salib Sourial (1916–1994): Giant among giants,” Watani, December 20, 2016,  http://en.wataninet.com/features/in-memorial/fr-salib-sourial-1916-1994-giant-among-giants/18323/.[/fn] He played a key role in reconciling Fr Matthew the Poor with Pope Kyrillos VI in 1969.[fn]See Daniel Fanous, A Silent Patriarch. Kyrillos VI: Life and Legacy (Yonkers, NY: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2019): 341–44.[/fn]

    Bibliography

    Works by Him

    Studies on the Pentateuch [Dirāsāt fī ’āsfār Mūsā al-khamsa]. Cairo: al-Anba Ruwis, 1986.

    Church Events which I Lived and Experienced [Āḥdāth kanasiyya ‘ishtu-hā wa ‘āyishtu-hā]. Cairo: Coptic Orthodox Cultural Center, 1989. Repr. 2016.

    Studies in the Canons Regarding Marriage [Dirāsāt fī Qawānīn al-’āḥwāl al-shakhṣiyya li-‘aqdī al-khiṭba wa-l-zawāj wa buṭlān-hu wa faskh-hu]. Giza: Dar al-‘alam al-‘arabi, 1990.

    On the Nomocanon of Ibn al-‘Assal [Dirāsāt fī Kitāb al-Majm-u‘ al-Ṣāfawī li-Ibn al-‘Assāl]. Studies in the Church Canons, Vol. 4. al-Kulliyya al-Iklirikiyya al-Lahutiyya li-l-Qubt al-Urthudhuks, 1992.

    Secondary Literature

    Fanous, Daniel. A Silent Patriarch. Kyrillos VI: Life and Legacy. Yonkers, NY: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2019 (see pp. 169–72, 170–72, 179, 188–89, 205, 245, 281–84, 339, 341–44).

    Khalil, Elhamy. “Fr Salib Sourial (1916–1994): Giant among giants.” Watani, December 20, 2016,  http://en.wataninet.com/features/in-memorial/fr-salib-sourial-1916-1994-giant-among-giants/18323/.

  • Pope Shenouda III

    Pope Shenouda III

    1923 – 2012

    Biography

    Pope Shenouda III (1923–2012) was the 117th Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. During his papacy he distinguished himself as a prolific writer,  popular preacher and fierce defender of Coptic rights. He remains one of the most influential figures in contemporary Coptic history.

    Available Texts

    Bibliography

    Works

    Pope Shenouda’s literary output is staggeringly large, comprising well over a hundred books of which many were translated into English. He also wrote hundreds of articles in Coptic periodicals (chiefly al-Kiraza, which he founded) and delivered public lectures every week for virtually his entire papacy. A full list of his entire oeuvre would be a significant undertaking. A more realistic goal (and one of potentially greater academic interest) would be a chronological list of the books and articles he published at different stage of his life, i.e. as Nazir Gayyid, Fr Antonios al-Suryani and Bishop Shenouda of Education. This page will be updated as progress is made; if you would like to help, please contact us.

    • In the meantime, see the English works hosted at OrthoKairos and Orthodox eBooks, and the Arabic work hosted at Coptic Treasures.

    Secondary Sources

    Gille, Matthias. 2017. Der koptische Papst Schenuda III: Beobachtungen zu Theologie und Biografie. Anwendungsorientierte Religionswissenschaft, vol. 11. Baden-Baden: Tectum Verlag. (Tectum Verlag)

    Fernandez, Alberto Miguel. 1983. “The Coptic Orthodox Salvation Theology of Anba Shenuda III.” MA Dissertation. University of Arizona. Available online at UA Campus Repository.  (PDF)

    O’Mahony, Anthony. “Tradition at the heart of renewal: the Coptic Orthodox Church and Monasticism in Modern Egypt”, International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church 7, no. 3 (2007), 164–178.

  • Metropolitan Athanasius of Beni Suef

    Metropolitan Athanasius of Beni Suef

    1923 – 2000

    Biography

    Metropolitan Athanasius (May 2, 1923– Nov 16, 2000) was the bishop of Beni Suef and Bahnassa in Egypt from 1962 until his departure in 2000. Born Abd al-Masih Bishara, he was a Professor of English Literature before he joined the monastery.[fn]Maged Kamel, “Bishop Athanasius (1919–2000), the Late Bishop of Beni Suef.” ACCOT, 2020.[/fn]

    He is particularly remembered for his work in establishing orders of consecrated women.[fn]See Pieternella van Doorn-Harder, Contemporary Coptic Nuns. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1995.[/fn]

    Bibliography

    Select Bibliography

    Primary Works 

    Books

    • The Gospel of John [Injīl Yūḥannā]. Cairo: Dar al-Jīl li-l-Ṭabā‘a, 1973.
    • Family Guidance in the Church [al-Irshād al-usrī fī-l-kanīsa]. Usqufiyyat al-khadamāt al-‘āmma wa-l-ijtimā‘iyya, 1981.
    • Christ and Humanity [al-Masīḥ wa-l-insāniyya]. al-Abbasiyya: al-Anba Ruweis, 1987.
    • Meditations on the Song of Songs [Ta’āmulāt fī nashīd al-ānshād]. Dar al-Jīl li-l-Ṭabā‘a, 2004.
    • The Unity of the Holy Bible [Wiḥdat al-kitāb al-muqaddas]. Fagala, Egypt: Dar al-Jīl li-l-Ṭabā‘a, no date.
    • The Letter to the Romans [Risālat Rūmiya]. Dār al-yanbū‘ al-thiqāfī, no date.
    • How to Conduct Oneself in a Mixed Society [al-Sulūk al-salīm fī-l-mujtami‘ al-mukhtalaṭ]. Dar al-Jīl li-l-Ṭabā‘a, no date.

    Articles

    • Bishara, Abdelmasih. “Drama Performances in Sunday School” [al-Ḥaflāt al-tamthīliyya bi-madāris al-āḥad], Sunday School Magazine 8, no. 6/7 (Jun 1954): 49–53.
    • Bishara, Abdelmasih. “Solitary Prayer and Family Prayer” [al-Ṣalāt al-fardiyya wal-ṣalāt al-‘ā’iliyya], Sunday School Magazine 11, no. 6 (Aug 1957): 8–9.

     

    Secondary Literature

    Guirguis, Magdi, and Nelly van Doorn-Harder. The Emergence of the Modern Coptic Papacy. The Popes of Egypt, vol. 3. Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo, 2011 (on pages 125, 140, 147, 149, 164, 166–7, 174, 176, 184). (Amazon)

    Hasan, S. S. Christians versus Muslims in Modern Egypt: The Century-Long Struggle for Coptic Equality. Oxford University Press, 2003: 65, 87, 95, 110–11, 114–15, 137–40, 233.

    Kamel, Maged. “Bishop Athanasius (1919–2000), the Late Bishop of Beni Suef.” In Archive of Contemporary Coptic Orthodox Theology. Sydney, NSW: St Cyril’s Coptic Orthodox Theological College, 2020. https://accot.stcyrils.edu.au/bishop-athanasius-maged-kamel/.

  • Habib Girgis

    Habib Girgis

    1876 – 1951

    Biography

    St. Habib Girgis (1876–1951) was the founder of the Sunday School Movement that initiated sweeping educational and theological reforms in the Coptic Church in the late 19th and early twentieth centuries. For much of his ministry, he was supported by Pope Kyrillos V. In 2012 he was canonised as a saint of the Coptic Church, along with Pope Kyrillos VI.

    Available Texts

    Bibliography

    A. Works

    A comprehensive bibliography of Habib Girgis’ works can be found in Bishop Suriel, Habib Girgis: Coptic Orthodox Educator and a Light in the Darkness (Crestwood, NY: SVS Press, 2017): 264–67.

    B. Further Reading

    Jayson, Casper. “How Sunday School Sparked Revival in Egypt’s Oldest Church” Christianity Today, June 19, 2018, https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/2018/june/habib-girgis-coptic-revival-sunday-school-movement.html.

    Nasim, Sulayman. 1991. “Habib Jirjis”, in Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia, vol. 4. Macmillan/Claremont Graduate University, School of Religion, 1189a–1189b.

    Shenouda III (Pope). “Our Teacher Archdeacon Habib Girgis”. Translated by S. M. Saad. Watani, August 22, 2013, http://en.wataninet.com/coptic-affairs-coptic-affairs/religious/st-habib-girgis/1440/.

    Suriel (Bishop). Habib Girgis: Coptic Orthodox Educator and a Light in the Darkness. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladamir’s Seminary Press, 2017. (Amazon)

    Yanney, Rodolph. “Light in the Darkness: Life of Archdeacon Habib Girgis (1876–1951).” Coptic Church Review 5, no. 2 (1984): 47–52.

  • Raghib Abdelnour

    Raghib Abdelnour

    1917 – 1996

    Biography

    Dr Raghib Abdelnour (1917–1996) was a prominent member of the Sunday School movement and early mentor to Nazir Gayyid (Pope Shenouda III) and Fr Bishoy Kamel. His writings are mostly theological commentaries on Scripture. He also translated excerpts of Origen’s Commentary on the Song of Songs in early issues of al-Kiraza. 

    Bibliography

    Raghib Abdelnour published many articles in the Sunday School Magazine and al-Kiraza, as well as several books. This list is constantly being updated. If you are interested in helping to compile a list of his works, please contact us.

    Articles
    • “Studies in Genesis: The First Day.” Sunday School Magazine vol. 1, no. 11 (Feb 1948): 19–23 (PDF)
    • “The Exodus of the Lord.” al-Kiraza vol. 6, no. 45 (Nov 1975): 10–11.
    • “The Waters Have Come Up to My Head.” al-Kiraza vol. 7, no. 8 (Feb 1976): 12.
    Books

    God Was Manifested in the Flesh [Allah ẓahara fī al-jasad]. al-Aqsar: The Church of St Mary and St Antonios, 1980. (PDF)

    The Sacrifice of the Cross in the Book of Genesis [Dhabīḥat al-ṣalīb fī sifar al-takwīn]. Cairo: Dar Matba‘a al-‘alam al-‘arabi, n.d. (PDF)

     

  • Bishop Samuel

    Bishop Samuel

    1920 – 1981

    Biography

    Bishop Samuel (Dec 8, 1920–Oct 6, 1981) was the first General Bishop of Public, Ecumenical and Social Services. He played a key role in the establishment of communities in the Coptic diaspora, and represented the Coptic Church in numerous ecumenical settings during the reigns of three successive patriarchs (Yusab II, Kyrillos VI and Shenouda III). 

    Born Saad Aziz, he grew up in Giza, which was a particularly active centre for the Sunday School Movement, in which he became an active participant.[fn]On Saad Aziz’s early formation within the Giza School, see Daniel Fanous, A Silent Patriarch: Kyrillos VI (Yonkers, NY: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2019): 164; Samuel Tadros, Motherland Lost: The Egyptian Quest for Modernity (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2013): 170–71.[/fn] He received an extensive university education: a Bachelor of Law from the University of Cairo (1942), a Diploma in Theology from the Coptic Theological Seminary (1944) and Bachelor of Arts from the American University in Cairo (also 1944).[fn]John H. Watson, Among the Copts (Brighton, UK: Sussex Academic Press, 2000): 100.[/fn]

    He was consecrated as a monk under the guidance Fr Mina the Solitary (the future Pope Kyrillos VI) in 1948, initially for the monastery of St Samuel, but within a few months he had moved to the Syrian Monastery and taken the name Macarius al-Suryani. 

    In 1954, he travelled to Princeton Theological Seminary in the United States, where he completed an MA thesis on “Ancient and Contemporary Christian Education in the Coptic Church.” [fn]Held in the Alumni Collection at Princeton Theological Seminary Library. He is listed in the alumni record as “Makary, Samuel Souriany”.[/fn]

    When Fr Mina the Solitary became Pope Kyrillos VI in 1959, Fr Makary served as his aide and secretary, before being ordained as a general bishop in 1962, taking the name Bishop Samuel. 

    On October 6, 1981, he was fatally wounded during the assassination of Anwar Sadat and died later in hospital.